For traditional polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane, there are three prominent drawbacks: the insufficient water flux, poor antifouling and antioxidative properties. In this project, the preparation of polyamide thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membrane with uniform nanoparticles and the antifouling mechanism will be investigated for solving the above prominent drawbacks. The strategy for obtaining the uniformly dispersed nanoparticles in the polyamide matrix is to combine the in situ preparation of nanoparticles process with the traditional preparation process of polyamide thin film composite membrane. The relationship between the character of nanoparticle and the structure of the thin film nanocomposite membrane will be ascertained by studying the effect of nanoparticles with different size and different type on the chemical structure and the microstructure of the membrane. The relationship between the character of membrane surface and the antifouling performance of the thin film nanocomposite membrane will be ascertained by investigating the surface charge, surface hydrophilicity, surface free energy and surface roughness. The membrane formation mechanism and the antifouling mechanism will be revealed by the above results. This project will be valuable for the application of the thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membrane in the field of wastewater advanced treatment and reuse.