How to reduce the pollution of heavy metal effectively, and control the potential health risks of heavy metals on the human body, which finally develop an efficient technology to remove and recover heavy metals, have become the focused issue in the field of environmental engineering all over the world. This proposal is based on synthesis of one promising adsorbent, layered chalcogenides, and intended to investigate the relations between physical chemistry properties of the adsorbent and chemical composition, layer-space and stoichiometric ratio of elements, which to establish the controllable preparation of series of layered chalcogenides. The intercalation structural characterization of layered chalcogenides and mechanism of matching various dominant heavy metals will be studied in order to reveal the selection of certain heavy metals by adsorbent. The effects of heavy metals on the structures and morphologies of layered chalcogenides and molecular structure-activity relationship also will be studied completely. The collaborative control based on the intercalation capture, ion exchange, coordination bond and lattice substitution will be established. The purpose of this proposal is to provide an important technology and theory for the pollution control and heavy metal recycle in practice.